中国工会覆盖效应下的工资溢价实证研究 —— 来自 2012年雇员雇主匹配数据的经验

The Research of Wage Gap Under the Trade Union Coverage Effect —— Based on Employees Employers Matching Data in 2012

摘要:

笔者基于 2012 年雇员雇主匹配数据，采用 Blinder-Oaxaca 分解的方法对工会覆盖效应下的工 资溢价问题进行了实证研究。实证结果显示，工会对工会企业和非工会企业的平均工资差距影响不明显；工会 企业和非工会企业的工资差异主要由特征差异引起；工会并没有通过人力资本显著影响工资差距；工会通过劳 动合同和集体合同影响了工资总体差距；工会可以减少性别工资歧视等。

Abstract:

The paper attempts to analyze Chinese trade unions’ coverage effect on the wage gap by adopting the method of Blinder-Oaxaca, based on employees and employer matching data in 2012. The results show that: under the unions covering effect, the average wage gap between union and nonunion enterprises is not obvious; the union and nonunion enterprises salary differences mainly due to the characteristic difference of labor; unions fail to significantly affect the wage gap through human capital; unions affect the wage gap through the labor contract and collective contract; unions can reduce the gender wage discrimination.