试论劳动要素结构升级与深化供给侧结构性改革

A Study on Labor Factors Structure Upgrading and Deepening Supply-side Structural Reform

摘要:

从区分供给侧的不同结构层次入手 , 结合我国经济发展阶段转变和新科技革命引发的劳动要素 需求变化，分别考察了不同要素投入在现阶段经济增长中的作用。与现有文献把经济减速的原因归结为劳动力 供给不足、人口红利消失不同，研究认为在技术创新使经济增长与就业增加之间的关联效应不断弱化的情况下， 相对于资源禀赋，人力资本投入才是中国经济实现高质量发展的决定性因素。因此，深化供给侧结构性改革的 一个重要着力点，应放在促进劳动要素结构升级以提高人力资本的供给质量上，实现经济增长向全要素生产率 驱动型的转变。此外，还考察了劳动力市场制度与劳动要素结构升级的关系，为通过劳动市场制度改革加快人 力资本积累提出政策建议。

Abstract:

The study, focusing on elaborating differentiation of various structural layers of the supply-side and taking transformation of China's economic development stage and the change of labor factor demand caused by the new scientific and technological revolution into consideration, looks into the role of different factors input in current economic growth. The results of this study shows that under the circumstance of constant weakening correlation effects between technological innovation-driven economic growth and employment increase and the current situation of resource endowment, capital, and low-quality labor force, human capital investment is the decisive factor of China’s high quality development. Therefore, an important focus of deepening supply-side structural reform should be on improving the quality of human capital supply through promoting the upgrading of labor factor structure, so as to transform economic growth model to the one driven by total factor productivity. Moreover, this study also explores the relationship between labor market system and labor factor structure upgrading, proposing policy suggestions for accelerating human capital accumulation through labor market system reform.