Abstract:This parrper, based on the significant changes to be faced in the labor market with the coming of the new era of building socialism with the Chinese characteristics, explores the challenges and innovations of the labor relation management. These changes can be mainly seen in the aspects of relative and absolute labor size decrease, quality of the workforce improvement, change of value of the new generation laborers, in-depth adjustment of the economic structure, upgrading of the industrial transformation, implementation of the innovation-driven strategies and changes of the social environment brought about by the main social contradictions. And this paper has also discussed the corresponding strategies to be adopted in response to these challenges and innovations from the perspectives of the government and enterprises.