人工智能对北京市就业的影响及应对

A Study of the Artificial Intelligence Impacts on Employment in Beijing and Its Countermeasures

摘要:

随着人工智能的快速发展，北京市劳动力市场已经出现就业的结构性变化，使人工智能与北京 市劳动力市场结构的关系由单向影响，被动适应到双向互动，主动适应，最终到动态匹配的理想状态，这将对 促进北京市经济社会的高质量发展具有战略性意义。因此，应系统化构建产业、人才、就业创业、社会保障、 教育培训、区域联动相互协调的政策体系，从产业发展、劳动力市场结构调整、心理疏导、区域联动四条路径 着手，在解决北京市就业结构问题，降低劳动者就业转换成本，提高劳动力就业能力基础上，实现政府科学管 理和劳动力市场平稳过渡的双重目标。除政府的提前应对外，还应充分发挥市场的自组织自适应自调节机制， 厘清政府与市场调节作用的边界。

Abstract:

The recent decade witnesses the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), whilst the labor market in Beijing has undergone structural changes in employment. This can be seen in the relations between AI and labor market structure from one-way influence, passive adaptation to two-way interactions, active adaptations, and eventually reaching the ideal state of dynamic matchings and active adaptations in Beijing labor market. These changes are of strategic significance in promoting the high-quality economic development in Beijing. The government, hence, should formulate a policy system, paying special attention to the industrial development, the structural adjustment of labor market, psychological counseling and regional linkage and coordination in aspects of industry, talents, employment and entrepreneurship, social security, and educational training. Only in this way can the employment structure be reshuffled to reduce the cost of employment conversion and improve the employability of labor force. In addition to achieveing the dual objectives of scientific management of the government and smooth transition of the labor market, it is high time to give full play to the self-organizing and self-adjusting mechanisms of the market and clarify the boundary between the government and the market.