过度教育对主观幸福感影响的实证研究

An Empirical Study of the Impact of Over-education on Laborers' Subjective Well-being

摘要:

过度教育造成了新时期劳动力市场中出现的劳动者“怀才不遇”的现象，但过度教育对劳动者 主观幸福感是否有影响尚无定论。在既有的从过度教育，教育、工作匹配与主观幸福感关系的研究回顾基础上， 利用 2013 年中国综合社会调查数据（CGSS）建立定序回归模型发现，无论以虚拟变量还是以连续变量表示，过 度教育都会对居民主观幸福感有显著的负效应，这也解决了估计结果的稳健性问题。此外，过度教育对主观幸 福感除了有直接效应之外，还会通过影响相对社会等级、绝对收入等中介变量对主观幸福感产生间接影响，但 是直接效应仍占主导。因此，应保障和完善劳动力市场的良性发育，促使高学历人才有效流动和岗位匹配，提 升他们的幸福感。

Abstract:

It is known that over-education causes the phenomenon that many laborers could not have the best play for their talents in the current labor market, but there is no consistent conclusion as to whether over-education has impacts on their subjective well-being. This study, on the basis of reviewing the existing research literature on the relationship between over-education, education, job matching, and subjective well-being, and by employing the ordered regression model by using the 2013 China General Social Survey data (CGSS), demonstrates that over-education, both in terms of virtual variables and continuous variables, has a significant negative effect on residents' subjective well-being. Thus, it has solved the problem of robustness of the estimated results. In addition, over-education has not only a direct, but also an indirect impact on residents' subjective well-being by affecting their relative social grades, absolute income and other intermediary variables. However, its direct impact is still dominant. Therefore, we should enhance laborers' happiness by improving the healthy development of the labor market and promoting the effective flow and job match of highly educated talents.