工作时间质量对员工的影响 ：理论路径与实证检验

The Impact of Working Time Quality on Employees: Theoretical Path and Empirical Test

摘要:

工作时间质量对于个人、企业和社会都具有重要意义。在明确了工作时间质量的 3 个评价维度（工 作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性）的基础上，本研究提出了“工作时间质量对员工影响的基础路径模型”， 揭示了工作时长、工作时点和工作时间自主性对员工产生影响时，三者的基础路径关系。该模型指出，工作时长、 工作时点和工作时间自主性均能对员工个体层面的结果变量产生直接影响，同时，工作时间自主性能够显著调 节工作时长、工作时点的影响程度。研究还利用“2018 年中国工作环境研究”的数据，以“工作时间满意度” 作为结果变量对理论模型进行实证检验，检验结果支持了理论模型的假设：（1）员工超时工作程度和工作时点 非标准化程度越高，对工作时间感到满意的可能性越低；（2）工作时间自主性和工作时间满意度具有显著的正 相关关系；（3）工作时间自主性负向调节超时工作和非标准化工作时点对员工工作时间满意度的影响。

Abstract:

The quality of working time is of great signifi cance to individuals, enterprises and the society as well. On the basis of clarifying its three evaluation dimensions of working hours, working timing and working time autonomy, this research puts forward the basic path model of the impact of working time quality on employees, which reveals the basic path relationship of the working hours, working timing and working time autonomy when they generate impacts on employees. The model claims that working hours, working timing, and working time autonomy all have a direct impact on the outcome variables at the individual level of employees. At the same time, working time autonomy can signifi cantly regulate the impacts of working hours and working timing. This study, by employing the data of the Research on the Chinese Working Conditions in 2018 and using working time satisfaction as the result variable, empirically tests the theoretical model. The test results support the hypothesis of the theoretical model: 1) The higher the degree of overtime work and the non-standardization of working time are, the lower the employee's satisfaction with their working time is; 2) Employees' working time autonomy has a signifi cant positive correlation with their working time satisfaction; 3) Working time autonomy negatively regulates the effect of overtime work and the impacts of non-standard working time on employee's working time satisfaction.