劳动过程理论视角下农民工身份的生产与再生产 ——以建筑业农民工为例

The Production and Reproduction of Migrant Workers’ Identity from the Perspective of Labor Process Theory Taking Migrant Workers in the Construction Industry for Example

摘要:

对农民工身份的研究，不应忽视其劳动力身份的本质属性，而应从劳动过程和生产体制的角度 描述新的劳动形式和劳动者状态，以及对于其身份转型的内在作用机理进行解释。研究以建筑业农民工为例， 从劳动过程的角度对农民工身份的生产与再生产进行了分析。研究发现：第一，分包劳动体制通过劳动过程的 个人管理、工资的弹性支付以及关系控制三种途径遮蔽了劳资关系，消弭了建筑业农民工产业工人的职业身份； 第二，包工队内部的“庇护一依赖”关系稀释和转化了资本剥削劳动力价值引发的抵抗，用工方式的弹性化使 得劳动控制的中心从组织内部的控制走向“市场控制”，分包劳动体制在农民工内部获得了合法性并得以强化； 第三,管理者的态度和评价构成了农民工身份认知的主要来源，使其主动与“农民”相联系并釆取相应的行动策略, 表现为对包工制的依赖和认同、对劳资力量不均衡的被动接受以及自我隔离的适应策略。研究认为，生产过程 对农民工身份的塑造具有决定性作用,农民工身份最终会通过自我实践被不断再生产。

Abstract:

The study of the identity of migrant workers should not ignore the essential attributes of their labor identity, but should describe the new forms of labor and labor status from the perspective of labor process and production system, and explain the internal mechanism of their identity transformation. Taking migrant workers in the construction industry as an example, this study analyzes the production and reproduction of migrant workers' identity from the perspective of the labor process. The study finds that first, the subcontracted labor system concealed the labor-management relationship through personal management of the labor process, flexible payment of wages, and relationship control, and eliminated the occupational identity of migrant workers in the construction industry; second, the "shelter-dependence" relationship of the internal contracting team dilutes and transforms the resistance caused by capital exploitation of labor value, the flexibility of employment methods makes the center of labor control move from internal organization control to "market control” , and the subcontracting labor system in migrant workers gains legitimacy and has been strengthened; third, the manager's attitude and evaluation constitute the main source of cognition of migrant workers' identity, making them actively connect with “farmers” and adopt corresponding action strategies, which is manifested in their reliance on the contract labor system and recognition, unbalanced passive acceptance of labor and management, and self-isolation adaptive strategies. The study believes that the production process has a decisive role in shaping the identity of migrant workers, and the identity of migrant workers will eventually be continuously reproduced through self-practice.