Abstract:The labor relation is the beacon of harmonious social development, and the construction of harmonious labor relations is an important part of the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This study draws the theoretical support from Marx's general exposition on labor relations, and draws some experience from the process of institutionalization and normalization of the labor relation in China to provide a reference for the construction of harmonious labor relations with Chinese characteristics in the new era. The study argues the current growing good life of Chinese people needs to put forward higher and more comprehensive requirements for the construction of labor relations in China. However, the supply of labor in China and the emergence of new employment forms have brought some challenges to the governance of labor relations. As a result, the imbalance in the status of the subject of labor relations and the imperfect coordination mechanism of the labor relation have to some extent limited the process of the construction of harmonious labor relations. The research suggests that, to build the harmonious labor relation with Chinese characteristics, we should always adhere to the dominant position of workers, vigorously stimulate the vitality of the public sector economy, give full play to the leading role of the government, and strengthen the construction of organizations of the trade union in the new era.