新就业形态的就业留存 ——基于外卖骑手的定性比较分析

Employment Retention in New Forms of Employment ——A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Takeaway Riders

摘要:

尽管新就业形态存在就业不稳定、劳动力流动率高的特点，但仍然有大量从业者长期留存于各 类新就业形态中，其原因值得探究。研究以外卖骑手为研究对象，采用定性比较分析方法对外卖骑手的就业留 存原因及路径进行探究。研究发现，影响外卖骑手就业留存的因素包括个人情况、工作现状、压力来源、薪酬 满意度、平台满意度等。在此基础上，研究归纳了就业留存意愿最高的 4 类群体，包括家庭生活压力较大的专 职群体、有丰富经验的兼职群体、家庭生活压力小且缺乏经验的青年从业群体，以及在其他劳动力市场竞争力 不足而被迫选择成为骑手的群体，并对每类群体的特征进行了详细描述。研究认为，劳动者选择新就业形态受 一系列因素的综合影响，是劳动者综合了多种因素后的理性选择。

Abstract:

New forms of employment are characterised by unstable employment and high labour turnover, but many workers remain in various new forms of employment for a long time. This paper takes takeaway riders as the research object and applies a qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the reasons for employment retention and retention paths of takeaway riders. This study extracts the factors that infl uence the employment retention of takeaway riders: personal factors, job status, job stress, salary satisfaction and platform satisfaction. On this Basis, this study summarises the four groups with the highest employment retention intentions, including full-time groups with high family life pressure, part-time groups with extensive experience, young practitioners with low family life pressure and lack of experience, and groups forced to choose to become riders due to a lack of competitiveness in other labour markets, and provides a detailed description of each group is provided. The study concludes that the choice of workers to enter into the new employment pattern is a rational one after summarizing various factors, as it is infl uenced by a serious of factors.