零工经济从业者工作时间配置与生活质量：抑制还是促进？

Research into Allocation of Working Time and Quality of Life for Gig Economy Workers: Inhibition or Promotion?

摘要:

工作时间配置有数量和结构两层含义，具体表现为工作绝对时长、工作相对时长以及各种工作 时间占比。研究基于时间配置视角，将个人生活质量分为工作生活质量、闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量以及生 理生活质量 4 个维度，以外卖骑手为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集数据，并采用结构方程模型分析工作时间配 置对零工经济从业者生活质量的影响。实证结果表明：零工经济从业者工作绝对时长变化会产生收入效应、倦 怠效应和替代效应，与工作生活质量呈 M 型非线性关系，与闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量和生理生活质量均呈 倒 U 型关系；工作相对时长则会通过抑制工作恢复降低工作、闲暇以及生理生活质量；对于外卖骑手而言，对 骑手工作依赖度越高，其生活质量越低。研究建议，应健全和完善制度体系，培养劳动者多维技能，让劳动者 科学管理工作时间，以提升零工经济从业者的生活质量。

Abstract:

The allocation of working time has double implications of quantity and structure, which are manifested in absolute working hours, relative working hours, and proportions of various working time. This study, based on the perspective of time allocation, classifi es personal quality of life into four dimensions of work life quality, leisure life quality, family life quality, and physiological life quality. Using food delivery riders as the research objects and data collected through questionnaires, we use structural equation modeling to analyze the impact of working time allocation on the quality of life of gig economy workers. The empirical results show that the variation in absolute working hours for gig economy workers has effects of income, fatigue, and substitution, and is nonlinearly related to work life quality in an “M-shaped” pattern. However, the variation is negatively related to leisure life quality, family life quality, and that of physiological life in a “inverted U-shaped” pattern. The relative working hours will decrease the quality of work recovery and lower the quality of work, the quality of leisure life and that of physiological life. In addition, the more dependent food delivery riders are on their work, the lower their quality of life is. The study suggests that the institutional system should be improved, workers should be trained to have multi-skills, and workers' working time should be managed scientifi cally to enhance the quality of life of gig economy workers.