平台算法控制下签约主播过劳问题的法律治理

On the Legal Governance of the Issue of Overwork among Contracted Anchors under Platform Algorithm Control

摘要:

算法技术的运用在为平台企业提供便利劳动过程管理的同时，也使得以签约主播为代表的平台 从业人员劳动权益受损风险愈发凸显。在数字化平台经济时代，算法管理通过剥夺平台从业人员对劳动过程的 控制权，加剧其结构性谈判力量的瓦解，以及实现工作时间的极致碎片化，造成了平台从业人员超时劳动的必 然结果。直播平台更是利用人气计件薪资制度对时间与人气的操控，实现了对签约主播的规训，造成了沉浸过 劳的必然结果。由于签约主播相对于直播平台的劳动从属性并没有统一的裁判标准，使得签约主播的法律主体 地位难以明晰。并且直播平台的组织架构与盈利模式更是排除了劳动法对网络直播法律关系的适用。因此，应 当重新审视与完善我国劳动法确立的倾斜保护原则，建立网络直播工作时间准则并强化直播平台的主体责任承 担，才能为更好地解决签约主播的过劳问题提供新的法律治理方案。

Abstract:

The application of algorithm technology provides convenience for the labor process management in platform enterprises, but it also highlights the risks of labor rights infringement, particularly among platform practitioners such as contracted anchors. In the digital platform economy era, algorithmic management deprives platform practitioners of control over the labor process, exacerbating the erosion of their structural bargaining power. The extreme fragmentation of working time caused by algorithmic management inevitably leads to overwork among platform practitioners. Live streaming platforms manipulate time and popularity through the popularity-based piece rate salary system, which results in intensifi ed regulation of contracted anchors and immersion overwork. The lack of unifi ed criteria for determining the labor status of contracted anchors in relation to live streaming platforms makes it diffi cult to clarify their legal status. Moreover, the organizational structure and profi t model of live streaming platforms exclude the application of labor law to the legal relationship in network live streaming. Therefore, it is necessary to reexamine and improve the principle of tilted protection established by labor law in China, establish guidelines for working time in network live streaming, and strengthen the accountability of live streaming platforms to provide new legal governance solutions for addressing the issue of overwork among contracted anchors.