0-3岁婴幼儿入托对女性劳动收入的影响研究——基于成都市8个区（市、县）的调查数据

Study on the Impact of Infant and toddler Care on Women's Labor Income ：Based on survey data from 8 districts (cities and counties) in Chengdu

摘要:

随着我国人口生育政策的调整,育龄女性面临着劳动供给和家庭照料之间的矛盾,而子女入托作为缓解家庭照护压力方式之一,越来越受到社会和各级政府的重视。本文基于成都市8个区(市、县)的调查数据,分析了0-3岁婴幼儿入托对女性劳动收入的影响机制。研究发现:相对于未入托的样本,子女入托可以使女性劳动收入显著提高约1.34倍。在通过增加遗漏变量、更换模型设定和使用工具变量后,估计结果依然稳健。异质性结果表明,在非流动人口的家庭、高学历家庭、父辈健康的样本中,婴幼儿入托促进女性劳动收入的影响越明显。机制结果表明,婴幼儿入托可以通过影响女性劳动参与和陪伴孩子的时间来影响女性劳动收入。因此,建立和完善普惠性托育服务体系,有助于育龄女性从婴幼儿照料中解放出来,对提高女性劳动就业具有重要的现实意义。

Abstract:

With the adjustment of China"s population birth policy, women of childbearing age face the contradiction between labor supply and family care, and children in care as one of the ways to relieve the family care pressure, more and more attention is paid by the society and governments at all levels. Based on the survey data of 8 districts (cities and counties) in Chengdu, this paper analyzes the influence mechanism of 0-3 years old infant nursery on female labor income. The study found that: compared with the sample of non-enrolled children, the labor income of women can be significantly increased by about 1.34 times. The estimates remain robust after adding missing variables, changing model Settings, and using instrumental variables. Heterogeneity results show that in the samples of non-floating population families, highly educated families and healthy parents, the impact of infant care on promoting female labor income is more obvious. The results of the mechanism show that infant and young child care can affect women"s labor income by affecting women"s labor participation and the time spent with children. Therefore, the establishment and improvement of the inclusive care service system will help women of childbearing age to liberate from the care of infants and young children, and has important practical significance for improving women"s employment.