人工智能时代基于“客观情况发生重大变化”的解雇研究

Research on Dismissal Based on "Significant Changes in Objective Situations" in the AI Era

摘要:

在人工智能浪潮背景下，“人工智能换人”的定性问题在司法实践中存有分歧。本研究旨在明确《劳 动合同法》第 40 条第 3 项“客观情况发生重大变化”的法律内涵，探讨其在人工智能换人解雇问题中的适用性。 在两个层面的法理辨析基础上，结合人工智能时代的劳资利益考量指出适用该条款的必要性和立法原意的贴合 性。为应对现存的规范混乱和解雇保护机制不健全的现实掣肘，研究建议消除情势变更原则的影响，为用人单 位设置再培训义务，以适应劳动力结构变化，促进劳动力市场健康发展。

Abstract:

In the context of the AI wave, those discrepancies in judicial practice exist regarding the qualification of "AI replacing human labor". This research aims to clarify the legal connotation of Article 40, Clause 3 of the Labor Contract Law, and it discusses the applicability in issues of dismissal due to AI replacement. Through legal theoretical analysis at two levels, it points out the necessity of employing this clause in light of labor-capital interests in the AI era, and the adherence to the original intent of legislation. To address the current regulatory confusion and the inadequacy of dismissal protection mechanisms, it is suggested to eliminate the impacts of the principle of changes in circumstances and impose retraining obligations on employers to adapt to labor structure changes, thereby promoting the healthy development in the labor market.