三维多因视角下的超龄农民工再就业影响因素研究

A Study on the Re-employment of Over-age Migrant Workers under the Three-Dimensional Multi-Causal Perspective

摘要:

人口老龄化背景下，规模较大的超龄农民工的就业转型问题引发各界关注。促进超龄农民工再就业， 合理开发老年人力资源，对积极应对人口老龄化具有重要作用。研究拓展了勒温模型二维分析框架，从个体、家庭 和社会三维视角建构了影响超龄农民工再就业的分析框架，并基于 2020 年中国家庭动态追踪调查数据，运用 Probit 回归等方法检验了分析框架。结果表明:分析框架有其合理性;年龄、健康状况等微观因素，家庭经济、家庭关系 等中观因素，以及社会保障、社区设施等宏观因素，均对超龄农民工重返职场具有显著影响。研究建议，应提升超 龄农民工个人劳动技能，强化家庭和社会支持，释放内在驱动力、家庭支持力和社会拉动力，合力实现其再就业。

Abstract:

In the context of population aging, the employment transition issues faced by a large number of over-aged migrant workers have attracted widespread attention. To promote the re-employment of over-aged migrant workers, hence, effectively utilizing the elderly human resources plays a key role in actively addressing the challenges posed by aging population. This study expands the two-dimensional analytical framework of Lewin's model, and focuses on constructing an analytical framework of factors affecting the R-OMW from individual, family, and social three-dimensional perspectives. Based on the 2020 China Family Panel Studies data, it employs methods such as Probit regression to test the analytical framework. Results indicate the rationality of the analytical framework of R-OMW; and micro factors like age and health status, meso-level factors like family economy and family relations, as well as macro factors including social security and community facilities significantly impact the R-OMW. The study suggests that measures such as enhancing the labor skills of over-aged migrant workers, strengthening family and social support, and unleashing inherent driving forces, family support, and social pull be taken to collectively achieve the R-OMW.