改革开放以来基层工会组建的阶段性特点与制度逻辑

The Stage Characteristics and Institutional Logic of Grassroots Trade Unions Establishment since the Reform and Opening-up

摘要:

改革开放以来，我国基层工会组建率和工人入会率呈增长趋势，但这种增长趋势自 20 世纪 90年代中后期才开始变得显著，这是多重制度逻辑交互作用的结果。究其原因：基层工会在组建过程中涉及的行动主体较多，它们遵循各自的制度逻辑，相互作用。在不同时期，面对不同对象，各种制度逻辑的强弱不同，从而决定了各时期工会组建工作的重点对象或部门及其成效，并使建会或入会过程表现出阶段性特点。这种特点体现了我国基层工会组建的政治优势，同时也带来一些局限或问题。在快速提升建会率和入会率之后，基层工会作用的有效发挥以及工人工会意识的形成和提升，成为今后工会理论研究和实践探索需要面对的关键问题。

Abstract:

Since the Reform and Opening-up, the establishment rate of grassroots trade unions and the membership rate of workers have shown a growing trend, and become more signifi cant particularly since the mid-to-late 1990s. This phenomenon results from the interaction of multiple institutional logics, and the reason for which is that the establishment process of grassroots trade unions involve multiple action subjects, each following their own institutional logic and interacting with one another. In different periods and facing different targets, the strength of various institutional logics varies, which determines the key targets or departments of trade unions establishment work in each period and its effectiveness, thereby making the process of establishing or joining the trade union exhibits phased characteristics. This characteristic reflects the political advantages of grassroots trade unions in China, but also brings about some problems. After rapidly increasing the establishment rate and membership rate, thus, the effective functioning of grassroots trade unions and the formation and enhancement of workers ' union consciousness have become critical issues for future theoretical research and practical exploration of the trade union.