劳动竞赛的动员逻辑 ——以中央苏区春耕运动为中心的考察

The Mobilization Logic of Labor Competitions——A Study Centered on the Spring Plowing Movement in the Central Soviet Area

摘要:

土地革命时期的劳动竞赛是中国共产党对广大人民群众进行政治动员的重要方式。中央苏区自建立伊始就不断遭到国民党反动派残酷的军事“围剿”和严密的经济封锁，因此解决粮食问题对于苏维埃政权的生存与巩固至关重要，春耕运动的开展便是劳动竞赛自身动员功能与革命现实需求高度契合的结果，同时传统农民的行为逻辑与春耕竞赛动员之间呈现出明显的耦合性。党和苏维埃政府在春耕竞赛中运用典型示范与群众参与相统一、氛围营造与压力传导相一致的策略，动员广大民众积极参与其中，同时通过组织领导、制度建设、整顿规范三方面的措施使春耕竞赛在政治认同规约下健康发展。春耕竞赛的有效开展，充分挖掘了苏区农业生产潜力，大大支援了革命战争事业，有力促进了苏区妇女解放。探讨劳动竞赛的动员逻辑，有助于深化革命战争年代中国共产党开展政治动员的实践研究。

Abstract:

Labor competitions during the Land Revolution Period were an important political mobilization method employed by the Communist Party of China to engage the masses. Since its establishment, the Central Soviet Area (CSA) faced brutal military encirclements and strict economic blockades by the Kuomintang, making the solution to food shortages crucial for the survival and consolidation of Soviet power. Hence, the spring plowing movement emerged as a result of the alignment between the mobilization function of labor competitions and revolutionary needs, with a clear coupling between the traditional farmers' behavioral logic and the spring plowing competition mobilization. The Party and Soviet government employed strategies that combined typical demonstrations with mass participation, creating an atmosphere that aligned with pressure transmission to encourage public involvement. Thus, by organizing leadership, building systems, and regulating norms, the spring plowing competitions developed healthily under political identity stipulations. The effective execution of spring plowing competitions maximized agricultural productivity in the CSA, significantly supported the cause of the revolutionary war, and promoted women's liberation. Exploring the mobilization logic of labor competitions contributes to a deeper understanding of the Communist Party's political mobilization practices during the years of revolutionary war.