创意劳动的数字化重塑 ：任务、技能、关系

On the Digital Restructuring of Creative Labor: Its Work Tasks, Skills, and Relationships

摘要:

创意工作是否会被人工智能取代的讨论，不应遮蔽真正重要的问题——数字技术如何重塑创意劳动以及会带来哪些困境。本研究以创意劳动者作为研究对象，基于深度访谈和 Nvivo12 软件的经验研究发现：在数字技术的“调节”下，创意劳动者的工作任务产生了不同程度的替代、互补和拓展；创意技能需求开始逐渐分化，相较于去技能化，再技能化和去恒常化是技能变迁的主要趋势；工作关系也呈现连接与断开连接并存的特征。创意劳动力的需求从原本的“全能型人才”分化为“全域型人才”和“创意灵工”。任务、技能、关系三者之间并非单向影响，而是彼此互构，整体呈现出创意劳动媒介化的特征，需要将更多创意劳动微观层面的研究纳入传播政治经济学的视野中，重新思考人与媒介的关系。

Abstract:

The discussion on whether creative work will be replaced by artifi cial intelligence should not overshadow the more signifi cant issue—how digital technology reshapes creative labor and the dilemmas it brings. This study focuses on creative workers, employing in-depth interviews and NVivo 12 software for an empirical research. It fi nds that under the "regulation" of digital technology, the work tasks of creative workers experience varying degrees of replacement, complementarity, and expansion. The demand for creative skills is gradually diversifying, and in contrast to de-skilling, re-skilling and de-regularization are the main trends in skills transformation. Work relationships exhibit a coexistence of connection and disconnection. Hence, the demand for creative labor has shifted from the notion of "all-around talent" to differentiated roles of "general domain talent" and "creative freelancers". The relationship among work tasks, skills, and relationships is not unidirectional; rather, they mutually construct each other, collectively displaying characteristics of the mediation of creative labor. This necessitates more research on the micro-level of creative labor to be incorporated into the perspective of media political economy, prompting a reevaluation of the relationship between humans and the media.